The double-hung window is easy to clean and a popular choice among homeowners.

Much like shoes, windows come in several different styles and materials and have a range of benefits and prices. However, consumers don’t often purchase windows, and the challenge of picking the right style and price to meet your needs can be daunting.

If you’re considering new windows, you’ll need to see through all the terminology and product attributes to ensure they’re the right fit for your home and project.  

A builder, remodeler, lumberyard millwork specialist or building materials dealer can help demystify your window-buying process. And the Internet is always a good place to start to gather initial background information on selecting windows and manufacturers. Here’s a guide to the different types and terminology used in the window trade:

Crank out windows come in two styles — casement and awning. Casement windows open from one side, like a door, while awning windows open at the bottom.

Single- and double-hung windows typically are popular for their traditional look. They have two separate units (sash) inside a single frame. The bottom sash moves up and down in a single hung; both sashes move in a double hung. The sash often can be easily released and removed from the frame to be cleaned from inside.

Gliding or rolling windows have one or two sashes that slide side-to-side in the jamb track.

This fixed window provides homeowners with abundant light, but does not open.

Windows without any moving parts are called fixed, picture or direct-set windows.

Bay windows are multiple windows configured together to protrude from the home at an angle. Bow windows are similar, but form a curved shape.

Window Materials Cheat Sheet
Wood windows still dominate the housing market, however, vinyl and composite materials are increasingly popular.

Wood is durable, attractive, energy efficient and can be painted or stained to create a personalized look. Wood, however, requires regular maintenance.   

Wood windows that are covered, or “clad,” with an aluminum or vinyl exterior are an alternative to the traditional wood window. Both vinyl and aluminum clad windows are virtually maintenance free and look great.

Because they require no maintenance and cost less, all vinyl and vinyl composite windows are gaining in popularity on wood. Once considered flimsy, the vinyl windows on the market today are quite durable. However, vinyl windows cannot be painted, inside or out, limiting the ability to change a home’s exterior look or match interior millwork.

All aluminum construction is being used less in residential windows as energy codes become more demanding. Aluminum windows have a rigid frame, which can support large panes of glass with little sagging or warping, but can eventually pit or dent.

Fiberglass windows are relatively new and therefore more expensive. They typically are a solid composite, making them a reliable barrier to outside elements. They have good structural integrity and do not need regular maintenance. However, like vinyl, they cannot be stained or painted.

Assessing Energy Efficiency
Window glass, its enhancements and the process by which it is placed into the frame is called “glazing.” Energy-efficient windows use insulated or insulating glass — meaning that it has two or three panes of glass. The airspace between the panes acts as a buffer, reducing the transference of heat or cold. Manufacturers further increase this insulating ability by filling the airspace with a dense, harmless gas such argon or krypton.

When you’re trying to determine a window's energy efficiency, look for R- and U-values. The higher the R-value, the better the window reduces heating and cooling bills. The lower the U-value, the better the window insulates against heat transference. EnergyStar® certifications and ratings from the National Fenestration Ratings Council also indicate energy efficiency.

Numerous manufacturers offer products of various prices and options to meet broad preferences. Price will vary by style, by manufacturer and by material. Single-hung and gliding windows tend to be less expensive than double-hung or casement windows. Aluminum and vinyl, which vary widely in price and quality, often are the least expensive option.

So like shoes, windows are available in a wide variety of styles and materials. Finding one that fits will take some research. Because windows can be a major investment, it pays to see through sales language and product attributes, so that you can zero in on the needs for your particular project.

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