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What You Need to Know About Maintaining a Safe Workplace

• You avoid and minimize the direct expenses of employee injuries and the indirect costs of insurance.
• You keep your employees productive on the job.
• Demonstrating that you care about your employees’ safety and well-being boosts their morale and can increase employees’ goodwill toward your company.

Legal or Regulatory Basis

The Occupational Safety and Health Act extends to virtually every employer in the country; self‑employed persons are exempt. This law is administered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Some states have their own OSHA standards and program, but to have such a program, their standards and practices have to be at least as effective as OSHA. Check your state laws and regulations for requirements.

What Employees Can Do

Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, employees can refuse to work in environments they consider dangerous and/or life threatening. They can call OSHA to report hazards, which may result in an inspection. They can pursue these rights without fear of retaliation or discrimination and can ask for an investigation if they believe this right has been violated.

What OSHA Can Do

Under the law, OSHA may inspect your work site to look for safety hazards, may set standards for safe practices and may issue fines and penalties.

An OSHA Inspection

An OSHA inspector will arrive at your work site for an inspection without advance notice. If this happens, ask to see the inspector's credentials and verify his authenticity. While the inspector has the right to enter the work site at that time, you may request that the inspector wait for a few minutes until a senior officer from your company can arrive. You can request a warrant for entry, but this very important decision should be made with legal assistance.

The inspector will brief you on the nature and focus of the inspection. This may include talking to employees, which can be done privately. If the inspector has been summoned by an employee, that employee may remain anonymous. The inspector may take pictures, collect samples and videotape evidence.

The onsite company representative may — and should — accompany the inspector during the site inspection. You should take notes about what happened and what was said by both the inspector and you. Also take pictures of the same evidence the inspector photographs.

Finally, after the inspection, the inspector will confer with you about any alleged hazards found.

What You Must Do Under the Law

If you have 10 or more employees at any time during the year, you must maintain records of occupational injuries and illnesses at each business location. Use the following recordkeeping forms:

OSHA Form 301 — Injury and Illness Incident Report. This is one of the first forms you must fill out when a recordable work-related injury or illness has occurred. Together with the Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses and accompanying Summary, these forms help the employer and OSHA develop a picture of the extent and severity of work-related incidents. Within seven calendar days after you receive information that a recordable work-related injury or illness has occurred, you must fill out this form or an equivalent. Some state workers’ compensation, insurance or other reports may be acceptable substitutes.

OSHA Form 300 — Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses. The Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses is used to classify work-related injuries and illnesses and to note the extent and severity of each case.

OSHA Form 300A — Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses. The Summary indicates the total number of injuries for the year in each category. At the end of the year, post the Summary in a visible location so that your employees are aware of the injuries and illnesses occurring in their workplace.

Refer to your state and local laws and regulations. Most state laws require filing of OSHA records with a state agency, from the employer's first report of injury.

If an on‑the‑job accident occurs that causes the death of at least one employee and/or the hospitalization of three or more workers, you are required to report the accident in detail to the nearest OSHA area office or state agency.

You are required to post a notice or poster announcing safety protections in a conspicuous place. Go to www.osha.gov to view and order notices and posters.

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